Breakthroughs to Agriculture

Breakthroughs to Agriculture: 
  • initial settlement on earth, chief feature 
    • second global pattern unfolded 
  • Neolithic- new stone age
    • used animals for breeding
      • new population of people, settled villages, animal borne diseases, horse drawn chariot warfare, cities, states, empires, civilizations, writing, literature
  • changed nature 
    • animals selected for breeding
    • grew plants longer
    • animals to selected things
      • people became dependent on their animals 
Common Patterns: 

  • occurred in: Fertile Crescents of Southwest Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, New Guinea, Mesoamerica, Andes, eastern North America. 
  • Why was the Agricultural Revolution so late in the history of humankind? 
    • Last Iceage coincided w the migration of Homo Sapiens 
      • better agriculture 
      • rising sea levels 
    • Climate helped push extinction of various of species of large mammals 
    • more wild plant due to warmer wetter weathers 
  • borad-spectrum diet- both large and small animals 
    • middle east- wild grain, baskets to carry it, mortars and pestles to remove husk.
  • Women seen as the plant gathers, most likely innovators who led to deliberate farming 
    • men in domesticating animals 
    • people abandoned nomadic ways after the last ice age 
      • required to support growing populations
Variations: 
  • horticulture 
    • hoe base agriculture 
    • Fertile Crescents 
      • Southwest Asia 

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