First Civilization

First Civilization 
  • urge to escape form civilization— long been a central feature in modern life. 
    • major themes in different things. 
  • Civilization: represents a new and particular type of human society 
    • immense productivity of Agricultural Revolution. 
    • organize and controlled buy states who’s leaders used force to compel obedience. 
  • Pyramids, slaves, temples, palaces, sculptures and writings, etc have all been due to civilization. 
Something New: The mergence of Civilizations/ Introducing the First Civilization 
  • global phenomenon
    • seven major locations after 3500 BC
  • first civilization emerged around 3500 BC to 3000 in three places 
    • “cradle” of Middle Eastern Civilization 
  • Sumerian was most likely one of the world’s earliest written languages. 
    • used for official record for various temples
  • ile River valley in northeastern Africa witness the emergence of Egyptian civilization. 
    • pharaohs and pyramids
      • also had separate civilization known as Nubia 
    • unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent. 
  • 3000 BCE to 1800 BCE in Peru 
    • little rainfall, but many rivers 
  • Norte Chico was twenty-five urban centers 
    • small cities, and less evidence of economic specialization
    • extremely rich fish industry in sardines and anchovies. 
      • exchanged for cotton, squash, beans and guava/ 
    • didn’t write or develop pottery, etc. 
    • “Quipa”- knotted cords later used by Incas,
      • could have been used for a form of writing or symbolic communication. 
  • Indus, of what is now Pakistan, was a remarkable civilization 
    • larger than Mesopotamia
    • no palaces, temples, graves, kings, or warrior clases 
    • repeated irrigation inquired the amount of salt in the soil of lowered crop yields
    • environmental degradation contributed to abandonment of the cities
      • found ceremonial bathing, ritual bring, yoga positions, bulls and elephants as religious symbols 
  • Early civilization of china- 2200 BCE 
    • had lavish tombs of their rulers
    • Son of Heaven- by the Zhou dynasty
      • monarch, that served as intermediary between heaven and earth 
      • new form of writing has been discovered on oracle bones 
        • intended to predict the future. 
  • Central Asia was also considered first civilization 
    • 2200 BCE 
    • after 2 centuries 
Urban Revolution
  • Uruk had walls 20 ft tall w population of 50,000 
    • city’s center was stepped pyramid w a temple
  • Mahenjo Daro had 40,000 in population 
    • Harappa (sis city) 
      • indoor plumbing, luxurious bathrooms 
Hierarchies of Class 
  • upper class 
  • diff things like police officers, servers, farmers, 
    • also had slaves 
      • before emergence of civilization 
      • women put to weave, from mesopotamia 
      • others were in the householdds
Hierarchies of Gender 

  • men had legal property rights 
  • women productive and reproductive 
    • larger than men 
  • men marry more than one

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